Nie podano opisu zmian |
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(Nie pokazano 14 wersji utworzonych przez 2 użytkowników) | |||
Linia 1: | Linia 1: | ||
'''Kiwu''' (''kivu'') - aukslang autorstwa [[User:Milya0|Miłegoa0]]. |
'''Kiwu''' (''kivu'') - aukslang autorstwa [[User:Milya0|Miłegoa0]]. |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==Fonologia== |
||
+ | Fonologia dialektu standardowego. |
||
+ | |||
+ | ===Spółgłoski=== |
||
+ | {| class="wikitable" |
||
+ | ! |
||
+ | ![[spółgłoski nosowe|nosowe]] |
||
+ | ! colspan="2" rowspan="1"|[[spółgłoski zwarte|zwarte]] |
||
+ | ![[spółgłoski szczelinowe|szczel.]] |
||
+ | ![[spółgłoski półotwarte|inne]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ![[spółgłoski wargowe|warg.]] |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|b}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
+ | |colspan=2|{{IPA|v}} |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ![[spółgłoski dziąsłowe|dziąs.]] |
||
+ | |rowspan=3|{{IPA|n}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|s}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|l}} |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ![[spółgłoski zadziąsłowe|zadziąs.]] |
||
+ | |{{IPA|dʒ}}<br /><tt>j</tt> |
||
+ | |{{IPA|tʃ}}<br /><tt>c</tt> |
||
+ | |colspan=2|{{IPA|ʃ}}<br /><tt>x</tt> |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ![[spółgłoski tylnojęzykowe|tylne]] |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
+ | |colspan=2|{{IPA|h}} |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ===Samogłoski=== |
||
+ | {| cellpadding="4" class="wikitable" |
||
+ | ! |
||
+ | ![[Samogłoski przednie|przednie]] |
||
+ | ![[Samogłoski tylne|tylne]] |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ! [[Samogłoski przymknięte|przymkn.]] |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ! [[Samogłoski średnie|średnie]] |
||
+ | |{{IPA|e}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|o}} |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | ! [[Samogłoski otwarte|otwarte]] |
||
+ | | align="center" colspan="2"|{{IPA|a}} |
||
+ | |} |
||
==Dialekty== |
==Dialekty== |
||
Linia 8: | Linia 61: | ||
!Fonem |
!Fonem |
||
!pol. |
!pol. |
||
+ | !ros. |
||
+ | ![[Język serbski|jug. ]] |
||
![[język angielski|ang.]] |
![[język angielski|ang.]] |
||
!niem. |
!niem. |
||
+ | !hol. |
||
!hisz. |
!hisz. |
||
+ | !port. |
||
!wł. |
!wł. |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!V |
!V |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 22: | Linia 83: | ||
!a |
!a |
||
|{{IPA|ä}} |
|{{IPA|ä}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|a}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|a}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʌ}} |
|{{IPA|ʌ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|a}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|aː}} |
||
|{{IPA|a}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
||
|{{IPA|a}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
||
Linia 28: | Linia 93: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!e |
!e |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ɛ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|e}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|e}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɛ}} |
|{{IPA|ɛ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɛ}} |
|{{IPA|ɛ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɛ}} |
|{{IPA|ɛ}} |
||
|{{IPA|e̞}} |
|{{IPA|e̞}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|e}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɛ e}} |
|{{IPA|ɛ e}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!i |
!i |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|iː}} |
|{{IPA|iː}} |
||
|{{IPA|iː ɪ}} |
|{{IPA|iː ɪ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
Linia 43: | Linia 116: | ||
!o |
!o |
||
|{{IPA|ɔ}} |
|{{IPA|ɔ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|o}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|o}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɔː}} |
|{{IPA|ɔː}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ɔ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɔ}} |
|{{IPA|ɔ}} |
||
|{{IPA|o̞}} |
|{{IPA|o̞}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|o}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɔ o}} |
|{{IPA|ɔ o}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!u |
!u |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|u}} |
|{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|uː}} |
|{{IPA|uː}} |
||
|{{IPA|uː ʊ}} |
|{{IPA|uː ʊ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|u}} |
|{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|u}} |
|{{IPA|u}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!N |
!N |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 63: | Linia 148: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!m |
!m |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
|{{IPA|m}} |
|{{IPA|m}} |
||
|{{IPA|m}} |
|{{IPA|m}} |
||
Linia 74: | Linia 163: | ||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|n}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|n}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|n}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|n̪}} |
||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!T |
!T |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 84: | Linia 181: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!p |
!p |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|pʰ}} |
|{{IPA|pʰ}} |
||
|{{IPA|pʰ}} |
|{{IPA|pʰ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|p}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!b |
!b |
||
+ | |{{IPA|b}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|b}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|b}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|b}} |
||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
Linia 99: | Linia 204: | ||
!t |
!t |
||
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t}} |
||
|{{IPA|tʰ}} |
|{{IPA|tʰ}} |
||
|{{IPA|tʰ}} |
|{{IPA|tʰ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t}} |
|{{IPA|t}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t̪}} |
||
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!d |
!d |
||
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d}} |
|{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d}} |
|{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d}} |
|{{IPA|d}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d̪}} |
||
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!c |
!c |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ʃʲ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ʃʲ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|tʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!j |
!j |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d͜ʑ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʑ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʑ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʒʲ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʒʲ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʝ}} |
|{{IPA|ʝ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!k |
!k |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|kʰ}} |
|{{IPA|kʰ}} |
||
|{{IPA|kʰ}} |
|{{IPA|kʰ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!g |
!g |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g}} |
||
|{{IPA|g}} |
|{{IPA|g}} |
||
|{{IPA|g}} |
|{{IPA|g}} |
||
Linia 140: | Linia 269: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!S |
!S |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 149: | Linia 282: | ||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʋ}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|v}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʋ}} |
||
|{{IPA|u̯}} |
|{{IPA|u̯}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|v}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Linia 157: | Linia 294: | ||
|{{IPA|z}} |
|{{IPA|z}} |
||
|{{IPA|z}} |
|{{IPA|z}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|z}} |
+ | |{{IPA|z}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|z}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|θ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|z}} |
||
|{{IPA|z}} |
|{{IPA|z}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!l |
!l |
||
+ | |{{IPA|l}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ɫ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|l}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|l}} |
||
|{{IPA|l}} |
|{{IPA|l}} |
||
|{{IPA|l}} |
|{{IPA|l}} |
||
Linia 169: | Linia 314: | ||
!x |
!x |
||
|{{IPA|ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|ɕ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃʲ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃʲ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
− | | |
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ}} |
+ | |{{IPA|s}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!h |
!h |
||
+ | |{{IPA|x}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|x}} |
||
|{{IPA|x}} |
|{{IPA|x}} |
||
|{{IPA|h}} |
|{{IPA|h}} |
||
|{{IPA|h}} |
|{{IPA|h}} |
||
|{{IPA|x}} |
|{{IPA|x}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|x}} |
||
− | |- |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʁ}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|-}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Linia 185: | Linia 338: | ||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
!Fonem |
!Fonem |
||
+ | !węg. |
||
!arab. |
!arab. |
||
!pers. |
!pers. |
||
Linia 191: | Linia 345: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!V |
!V |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 197: | Linia 352: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!a |
!a |
||
+ | |{{IPA|aː ɒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|a}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|ɒ}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
||
|{{IPA|a}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!e |
!e |
||
+ | |{{IPA|eː ɛ}} |
||
|{{IPA|aj}} |
|{{IPA|aj}} |
||
|{{IPA|e}} |
|{{IPA|e}} |
||
Linia 209: | Linia 366: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!i |
!i |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
Linia 215: | Linia 373: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!o |
!o |
||
+ | |{{IPA|o}} |
||
|{{IPA|aw}} |
|{{IPA|aw}} |
||
|{{IPA|o}} |
|{{IPA|o}} |
||
Linia 221: | Linia 380: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!u |
!u |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|u}} |
|{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|u}} |
|{{IPA|u}} |
||
Linia 227: | Linia 387: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!N |
!N |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 233: | Linia 394: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!m |
!m |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
|{{IPA|m}} |
|{{IPA|m}} |
||
|{{IPA|m}} |
|{{IPA|m}} |
||
Linia 239: | Linia 401: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!n |
!n |
||
+ | |{{IPA|n}} |
||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
Linia 245: | Linia 408: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!T |
!T |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 251: | Linia 415: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!p |
!p |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|f}} |
|{{IPA|f}} |
||
|{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|p}} |
||
Linia 257: | Linia 422: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!b |
!b |
||
+ | |{{IPA|b}} |
||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
Linia 263: | Linia 429: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!t |
!t |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t}} |
||
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
||
|{{IPA|t}} |
|{{IPA|t}} |
||
Linia 269: | Linia 436: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!d |
!d |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
||
|{{IPA|d}} |
|{{IPA|d}} |
||
Linia 275: | Linia 443: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!c |
!c |
||
+ | |{{IPA|c͜ç}} |
||
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ̺ʰ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!j |
!j |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ɟ͜ʝ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ̺}} |
|{{IPA|ʑ d͜ʑ}} |
|{{IPA|ʑ d͜ʑ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!k |
!k |
||
− | |{{IPA|kʰ}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|kʰ}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!g |
!g |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɣ}} |
|{{IPA|ɣ}} |
||
|{{IPA|g}} |
|{{IPA|g}} |
||
Linia 299: | Linia 471: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!S |
!S |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 305: | Linia 478: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!v |
!v |
||
+ | |{{IPA|v}} |
||
|{{IPA|w}} |
|{{IPA|w}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
Linia 311: | Linia 485: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!s |
!s |
||
+ | |{{IPA|s}} |
||
|{{IPA|z}} |
|{{IPA|z}} |
||
|{{IPA|z}} |
|{{IPA|z}} |
||
Linia 317: | Linia 492: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!l |
!l |
||
+ | |{{IPA|l}} |
||
|{{IPA|l}} |
|{{IPA|l}} |
||
|{{IPA|l}} |
|{{IPA|l}} |
||
Linia 325: | Linia 501: | ||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ}} |
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ̺}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|ɕ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!h |
!h |
||
+ | |{{IPA|h}} |
||
|{{IPA|h}} |
|{{IPA|h}} |
||
|{{IPA|h}} |
|{{IPA|h}} |
||
Linia 334: | Linia 512: | ||
|{{IPA|h}} |
|{{IPA|h}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
+ | |||
===konlangi=== |
===konlangi=== |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
− | |- |
||
!Fonem |
!Fonem |
||
+ | ![[#Fonologia|kiwu]] |
||
!esp. |
!esp. |
||
![[język ęmucki|ęm.]] |
![[język ęmucki|ęm.]] |
||
![[język keralijski|ker. ]] |
![[język keralijski|ker. ]] |
||
![[nikau|ni.]] |
![[nikau|ni.]] |
||
+ | ![[język noliczański|nol.]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!V |
!V |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 350: | Linia 531: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!a |
!a |
||
+ | |{{IPA|a}} |
||
|{{IPA|a}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʌ}} |
|{{IPA|ʌ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɑ}} |
|{{IPA|ɑ}} |
||
|{{IPA|a}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
||
+ | ||{{IPA|a,ɐ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!e |
!e |
||
Linia 360: | Linia 543: | ||
|{{IPA|e}} |
|{{IPA|e}} |
||
|{{IPA|e}} |
|{{IPA|e}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|e}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ɛ,e}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!i |
!i |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
Linia 368: | Linia 555: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!o |
!o |
||
+ | |{{IPA|o}} |
||
|{{IPA|o}} |
|{{IPA|o}} |
||
|{{IPA|o}} |
|{{IPA|o}} |
||
|{{IPA|o̞}} |
|{{IPA|o̞}} |
||
|{{IPA|o}} |
|{{IPA|o}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ɔ,o}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!u |
!u |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|u}} |
|{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɯ}} |
|{{IPA|ɯ}} |
||
Linia 380: | Linia 571: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!N |
!N |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 386: | Linia 578: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!m |
!m |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
|{{IPA|m}} |
|{{IPA|m}} |
||
|{{IPA|m}} |
|{{IPA|m}} |
||
Linia 392: | Linia 586: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!n |
!n |
||
+ | |{{IPA|n}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|n}} |
||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
Linia 398: | Linia 594: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!T |
!T |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 404: | Linia 601: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!p |
!p |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|p}} |
||
Linia 412: | Linia 611: | ||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|b p}} |
|{{IPA|b p}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|b}} |
||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!t |
!t |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t}} |
||
|{{IPA|t}} |
|{{IPA|t}} |
||
|{{IPA|t}} |
|{{IPA|t}} |
||
|{{IPA|t}} |
|{{IPA|t}} |
||
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!d |
!d |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d}} |
|{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d}} |
|{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d}} |
|{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!c |
!c |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ɕɕ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕɕ}} |
||
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t̠}} |
|{{IPA|t̠}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!j |
!j |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʑ}} |
|{{IPA|ʑ}} |
||
|{{IPA|dʒ}} |
|{{IPA|dʒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d̠}} |
|{{IPA|d̠}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!k |
!k |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
Linia 446: | Linia 657: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!g |
!g |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g}} |
||
|{{IPA|g}} |
|{{IPA|g}} |
||
|{{IPA|g}} |
|{{IPA|g}} |
||
|{{IPA|g k}} |
|{{IPA|g k}} |
||
|{{IPA|g}} |
|{{IPA|g}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g,ɣ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!S |
!S |
||
+ | | |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
Linia 458: | Linia 672: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!v |
!v |
||
+ | |{{IPA|v f}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|w}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!s |
!s |
||
+ | |{{IPA|z s}} |
||
|{{IPA|z}} |
|{{IPA|z}} |
||
|{{IPA|s}} |
|{{IPA|s}} |
||
|{{IPA|sː}} |
|{{IPA|sː}} |
||
|{{IPA|s̪}} |
|{{IPA|s̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|s}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!l |
!l |
||
+ | |{{IPA|l}} |
||
|{{IPA|l}} |
|{{IPA|l}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɾ}} |
|{{IPA|ɾ}} |
||
|{{IPA|l}} |
|{{IPA|l}} |
||
|{{IPA|l̪}} |
|{{IPA|l̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|l}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!x |
!x |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|ɕ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃ̺}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ̺}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!h |
!h |
||
+ | |{{IPA|h}} |
||
|{{IPA|h}} |
|{{IPA|h}} |
||
|{{IPA|h}} |
|{{IPA|h}} |
||
|{{IPA|xː}} |
|{{IPA|xː}} |
||
|{{IPA|x}} |
|{{IPA|x}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|h}} |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==Słownictwo== |
||
+ | {| |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#ccc|wolne |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#ccf|poimki (jedna mora, CV) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#cfc|rdzenie (jedna sylaba, CVC), max dwa użycia sylaby |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#fcc|rdzenie (dwie sylaby, CVCV), max cztery użycia sylaby |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#ffc|rdzenie (różne użycie, CVC i CVCV), max trzy użycia sylaby |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#fcf|zajęte (rdzenie) |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | {| |
||
+ | | ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''a'' (jeden) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''e'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''i'' (inesyw) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''o'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''u'' (posesyw) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | m- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ma'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''me'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''mi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''mo'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''mu'' (wiele) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | n- ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''na'' (agens) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ne'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ni'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''no'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''nu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | b- ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''ba'' (ja) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''be'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''bi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''bo'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''bu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | d- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''da'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''de'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''di'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''do'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''du'' (dwa) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | j- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ja'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''je'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ji'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''jo'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ju'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | g- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ga'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ge'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''gi'' ||bgcolor=#cfc| ''go'' <br/> ''gos'' (pisać) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''gu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | p- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''pa'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''pe'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''pi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''po'' ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''pu'' <br/> ''lapu'' (ćwiczyć) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | t- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ta'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''te'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ti'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''to'' (rzecz) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''tu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | c- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ca'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ce'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''ci'' (trzy) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''co'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''cu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | k- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ka'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''ke'' (pytanie) ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''ki'' <br/> ''kivu'' (kiwu) <br/> ''kilu'' (język) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ko'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ku'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | v- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''va'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ve'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''vi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''vo'' ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''vu'' <br/> ''kivu'' (kiwu) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | s- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''sa'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''se'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''si'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''so'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''su'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | x- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xa'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xe'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xo'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | h- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ha'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''he'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''hi'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''ho'' (przeczenie) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''hu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | l- ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''la'' <br/> ''lapu'' (ćwiczyć) ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''le'' (robić) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''li'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''lo'' ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''lu'' <br/> ''kivu'' (język) |
||
|} |
|} |
||
[[Kategoria:Języki sztuczne a priori]] |
[[Kategoria:Języki sztuczne a priori]] |
Aktualna wersja na dzień 14:28, 15 wrz 2010
Kiwu (kivu) - aukslang autorstwa Miłegoa0.
Fonologia[]
Fonologia dialektu standardowego.
Spółgłoski[]
nosowe | zwarte | szczel. | inne | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
warg. | m | b | p | v | |
dziąs. | n | d | t | s | l |
zadziąs. | dʒ j |
tʃ c |
ʃ x | ||
tylne | g | k | h |
Samogłoski[]
przednie | tylne | |
---|---|---|
przymkn. | i | u |
średnie | e | o |
otwarte | a |
Dialekty[]
Tabela przedstawia odwzorowania rodzimych zestawów głosek na fonologię kiwu z punktu widzenia użytkowników różnych języków.
indoeuropejskie (naturalne)[]
Fonem | pol. | ros. | jug. | ang. | niem. | hol. | hisz. | port. | wł. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V | |||||||||
a | ä | a | a | ʌ | a | aː | a | a | a |
e | ɛ | e | e | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | e̞ | e | ɛ e |
i | i | i | i | iː | iː ɪ | i | i | i | i |
o | ɔ | o | o | ɔː | ɔ | ɔ | o̞ | o | ɔ o |
u | u | u | u | uː | uː ʊ | u | u | u | u |
N | |||||||||
m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
n | n̪ | n | n | n | n | n | n | n̪ | n |
T | |||||||||
p | p | p | p | pʰ | pʰ | p | p | p | p |
b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
t | t̪ | t | t | tʰ | tʰ | t | t | t̪ | t̪ |
d | d̪ | d | d | d | d | d | d | d̪ | d̪ |
c | t͜ʃ | t͜ɕ | t͜ɕ | t͜ʃʲ | t͜ʃ | tʃ | tʃ | t͜ʃ | t͜ʃ |
j | d͜ʒ | d͜ʑ | d͜ʑ | d͜ʒʲ | d͜ʒ | ʒ | ʝ | ʒ | d͜ʒ |
k | k | k | k | kʰ | kʰ | k | k | k | k |
g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g |
S | |||||||||
v | v | v | ʋ | v | v | ʋ | u̯ | v | v |
s | z | z | z | z | z | z | θ | z | z |
l | l | ɫ | l | l | l | l | l | l | l |
x | ɕ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃʲ | ʃ | ʃ | s | ʃ | ʃ |
h | x | x | x | h | h | x | x | ʁ | - |
nieindoeuropejskie (naturalne)[]
Fonem | węg. | arab. | pers. | mand. | jap. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
V | |||||
a | aː ɒ | a | ɒ | a | a |
e | eː ɛ | aj | e | e | e |
i | i | i | i | i | i |
o | o | aw | o | o | o |
u | u | u | u | u | ɯ͡β̞ |
N | |||||
m | m | m | m | m | m |
n | n | n | n | n | n |
T | |||||
p | p | f | p | pʰ | p |
b | b | b | b | p | b |
t | t | t̪ | t | tʰ | t |
d | d | d̪ | d | t | d |
c | c͜ç | tʃ | t͜ʃ | t͜ʃ̺ʰ | t͜ɕ |
j | ɟ͜ʝ | d͜ʒ | d͜ʒ | t͜ʃ̺ | ʑ d͜ʑ |
k | k | k | k | kʰ | k |
g | g | ɣ | g | k | g |
S | |||||
v | v | w | v | w | ɰ͡β̞ |
s | s | z | z | s | s |
l | l | l | l | l | ɺ |
x | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ̺ | ɕ |
h | h | h | h | x | h |
konlangi[]
Fonem | kiwu | esp. | ęm. | ker. | ni. | nol. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V | ||||||
a | a | a | ʌ | ɑ | a | a,ɐ |
e | e | e | e | e | e | ɛ,e |
i | i | i | i | i | i | i |
o | o | o | o | o̞ | o | ɔ,o |
u | u | u | u | ɯ | u | u |
N | ||||||
m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
n | n | n | n | n | n | n̠ |
T | ||||||
p | p | p | p | p | p | p |
b | b | b | p | b p | b | b |
t | t | t | t | t | t̪ | t |
d | d | d | d | d | d̪ | d |
c | t͜ʃ | t͜ʃ | t͜ɕɕ | tʃ | t̠ | t͜ʃ |
j | d͜ʒ | d͜ʒ | ʑ | dʒ | d̠ | d͜ʒ |
k | k | k | k | k | k | k |
g | g | g | g | g k | g | g,ɣ |
S | ||||||
v | v f | v | v | v | v | w |
s | z s | z | s | sː | s̪ | s |
l | l | l | ɾ | l | l̪ | l |
x | ʃ | ʃ | ɕ | ʃ | ʃ̺ | ʃ |
h | h | h | h | xː | x | h |
Słownictwo[]
wolne |
poimki (jedna mora, CV) |
rdzenie (jedna sylaba, CVC), max dwa użycia sylaby |
rdzenie (dwie sylaby, CVCV), max cztery użycia sylaby |
rdzenie (różne użycie, CVC i CVCV), max trzy użycia sylaby |
zajęte (rdzenie) |
a (jeden) | e | i (inesyw) | o | u (posesyw) | |
m- | ma | me | mi | mo | mu (wiele) |
n- | na (agens) | ne | ni | no | nu |
b- | ba (ja) | be | bi | bo | bu |
d- | da | de | di | do | du (dwa) |
j- | ja | je | ji | jo | ju |
g- | ga | ge | gi | go gos (pisać) |
gu |
p- | pa | pe | pi | po | pu lapu (ćwiczyć) |
t- | ta | te | ti | to (rzecz) | tu |
c- | ca | ce | ci (trzy) | co | cu |
k- | ka | ke (pytanie) | ki kivu (kiwu) kilu (język) |
ko | ku |
v- | va | ve | vi | vo | vu kivu (kiwu) |
s- | sa | se | si | so | su |
x- | xa | xe | xi | xo | xu |
h- | ha | he | hi | ho (przeczenie) | hu |
l- | la lapu (ćwiczyć) |
le (robić) | li | lo | lu kivu (język) |