m (→indoeuropejskie (naturalne): bo apikalne cy cóś) |
Nie podano opisu zmian |
||
(Nie pokazano 3 wersji utworzonych przez 2 użytkowników) | |||
Linia 225: | Linia 225: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!c |
!c |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
||
Linia 236: | Linia 236: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!j |
!j |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʑ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʑ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʑ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʑ}} |
||
Linia 446: | Linia 446: | ||
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ̺ʰ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|t͜ɕ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Linia 453: | Linia 453: | ||
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
|{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ̺}} |
|{{IPA|ʑ d͜ʑ}} |
|{{IPA|ʑ d͜ʑ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Linia 502: | Linia 502: | ||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ̺}} |
|{{IPA|ɕ}} |
|{{IPA|ɕ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Linia 521: | Linia 521: | ||
![[język keralijski|ker. ]] |
![[język keralijski|ker. ]] |
||
![[nikau|ni.]] |
![[nikau|ni.]] |
||
+ | ![[język noliczański|nol.]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!V |
!V |
||
Linia 535: | Linia 536: | ||
|{{IPA|ɑ}} |
|{{IPA|ɑ}} |
||
|{{IPA|a}} |
|{{IPA|a}} |
||
+ | ||{{IPA|a,ɐ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!e |
!e |
||
Linia 542: | Linia 544: | ||
|{{IPA|e}} |
|{{IPA|e}} |
||
|{{IPA|e}} |
|{{IPA|e}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ɛ,e}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!i |
!i |
||
+ | |{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
|{{IPA|i}} |
|{{IPA|i}} |
||
Linia 556: | Linia 560: | ||
|{{IPA|o̞}} |
|{{IPA|o̞}} |
||
|{{IPA|o}} |
|{{IPA|o}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ɔ,o}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!u |
!u |
||
+ | |{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|u}} |
|{{IPA|u}} |
||
|{{IPA|u}} |
|{{IPA|u}} |
||
Linia 572: | Linia 578: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!m |
!m |
||
+ | |{{IPA|m}} |
||
|{{IPA|m}} |
|{{IPA|m}} |
||
|{{IPA|m}} |
|{{IPA|m}} |
||
Linia 579: | Linia 586: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!n |
!n |
||
+ | |{{IPA|n}} |
||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
|{{IPA|n}} |
|{{IPA|n}} |
||
Linia 593: | Linia 601: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
!p |
!p |
||
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|p}} |
||
|{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|p}} |
||
Linia 602: | Linia 611: | ||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
− | |{{IPA| |
+ | |{{IPA|p}} |
|{{IPA|b p}} |
|{{IPA|b p}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|b}} |
||
|{{IPA|b}} |
|{{IPA|b}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Linia 612: | Linia 622: | ||
|{{IPA|t}} |
|{{IPA|t}} |
||
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
|{{IPA|t̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!d |
!d |
||
Linia 619: | Linia 630: | ||
|{{IPA|d}} |
|{{IPA|d}} |
||
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
|{{IPA|d̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!c |
!c |
||
Linia 626: | Linia 638: | ||
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
|{{IPA|tʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|t̠}} |
|{{IPA|t̠}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|t͜ʃ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!j |
!j |
||
Linia 633: | Linia 646: | ||
|{{IPA|dʒ}} |
|{{IPA|dʒ}} |
||
|{{IPA|d̠}} |
|{{IPA|d̠}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|d͜ʒ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!k |
!k |
||
+ | |{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
|{{IPA|k}} |
|{{IPA|k}} |
||
Linia 647: | Linia 662: | ||
|{{IPA|g k}} |
|{{IPA|g k}} |
||
|{{IPA|g}} |
|{{IPA|g}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|g,ɣ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!S |
!S |
||
Linia 661: | Linia 677: | ||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
|{{IPA|v}} |
|{{IPA|v}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|w}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!s |
!s |
||
Linia 668: | Linia 685: | ||
|{{IPA|sː}} |
|{{IPA|sː}} |
||
|{{IPA|s̪}} |
|{{IPA|s̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|s}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!l |
!l |
||
Linia 675: | Linia 693: | ||
|{{IPA|l}} |
|{{IPA|l}} |
||
|{{IPA|l̪}} |
|{{IPA|l̪}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|l}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!x |
!x |
||
Linia 682: | Linia 701: | ||
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|{{IPA|ʃ̺}} |
|{{IPA|ʃ̺}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|ʃ}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!h |
!h |
||
Linia 689: | Linia 709: | ||
|{{IPA|xː}} |
|{{IPA|xː}} |
||
|{{IPA|x}} |
|{{IPA|x}} |
||
+ | |{{IPA|h}} |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | ==Słownictwo== |
||
+ | {| |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#ccc|wolne |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#ccf|poimki (jedna mora, CV) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#cfc|rdzenie (jedna sylaba, CVC), max dwa użycia sylaby |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#fcc|rdzenie (dwie sylaby, CVCV), max cztery użycia sylaby |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#ffc|rdzenie (różne użycie, CVC i CVCV), max trzy użycia sylaby |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | |bgcolor=#fcf|zajęte (rdzenie) |
||
+ | |} |
||
+ | |||
+ | {| |
||
+ | | ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''a'' (jeden) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''e'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''i'' (inesyw) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''o'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''u'' (posesyw) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | m- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ma'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''me'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''mi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''mo'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''mu'' (wiele) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | n- ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''na'' (agens) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ne'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ni'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''no'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''nu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | b- ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''ba'' (ja) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''be'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''bi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''bo'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''bu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | d- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''da'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''de'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''di'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''do'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''du'' (dwa) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | j- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ja'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''je'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ji'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''jo'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ju'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | g- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ga'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ge'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''gi'' ||bgcolor=#cfc| ''go'' <br/> ''gos'' (pisać) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''gu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | p- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''pa'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''pe'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''pi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''po'' ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''pu'' <br/> ''lapu'' (ćwiczyć) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | t- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ta'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''te'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ti'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''to'' (rzecz) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''tu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | c- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ca'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ce'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''ci'' (trzy) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''co'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''cu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | k- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ka'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''ke'' (pytanie) ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''ki'' <br/> ''kivu'' (kiwu) <br/> ''kilu'' (język) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ko'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ku'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | v- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''va'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ve'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''vi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''vo'' ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''vu'' <br/> ''kivu'' (kiwu) |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | s- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''sa'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''se'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''si'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''so'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''su'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | x- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xa'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xe'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xi'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xo'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''xu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | h- ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''ha'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''he'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''hi'' ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''ho'' (przeczenie) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''hu'' |
||
+ | |- |
||
+ | | l- ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''la'' <br/> ''lapu'' (ćwiczyć) ||bgcolor=#ccf| ''le'' (robić) ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''li'' ||bgcolor=#ccc| ''lo'' ||bgcolor=#fcc| ''lu'' <br/> ''kivu'' (język) |
||
|} |
|} |
||
[[Kategoria:Języki sztuczne a priori]] |
[[Kategoria:Języki sztuczne a priori]] |
Aktualna wersja na dzień 14:28, 15 wrz 2010
Kiwu (kivu) - aukslang autorstwa Miłegoa0.
Fonologia[]
Fonologia dialektu standardowego.
Spółgłoski[]
nosowe | zwarte | szczel. | inne | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
warg. | m | b | p | v | |
dziąs. | n | d | t | s | l |
zadziąs. | dʒ j |
tʃ c |
ʃ x | ||
tylne | g | k | h |
Samogłoski[]
przednie | tylne | |
---|---|---|
przymkn. | i | u |
średnie | e | o |
otwarte | a |
Dialekty[]
Tabela przedstawia odwzorowania rodzimych zestawów głosek na fonologię kiwu z punktu widzenia użytkowników różnych języków.
indoeuropejskie (naturalne)[]
Fonem | pol. | ros. | jug. | ang. | niem. | hol. | hisz. | port. | wł. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V | |||||||||
a | ä | a | a | ʌ | a | aː | a | a | a |
e | ɛ | e | e | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | e̞ | e | ɛ e |
i | i | i | i | iː | iː ɪ | i | i | i | i |
o | ɔ | o | o | ɔː | ɔ | ɔ | o̞ | o | ɔ o |
u | u | u | u | uː | uː ʊ | u | u | u | u |
N | |||||||||
m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
n | n̪ | n | n | n | n | n | n | n̪ | n |
T | |||||||||
p | p | p | p | pʰ | pʰ | p | p | p | p |
b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
t | t̪ | t | t | tʰ | tʰ | t | t | t̪ | t̪ |
d | d̪ | d | d | d | d | d | d | d̪ | d̪ |
c | t͜ʃ | t͜ɕ | t͜ɕ | t͜ʃʲ | t͜ʃ | tʃ | tʃ | t͜ʃ | t͜ʃ |
j | d͜ʒ | d͜ʑ | d͜ʑ | d͜ʒʲ | d͜ʒ | ʒ | ʝ | ʒ | d͜ʒ |
k | k | k | k | kʰ | kʰ | k | k | k | k |
g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g |
S | |||||||||
v | v | v | ʋ | v | v | ʋ | u̯ | v | v |
s | z | z | z | z | z | z | θ | z | z |
l | l | ɫ | l | l | l | l | l | l | l |
x | ɕ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃʲ | ʃ | ʃ | s | ʃ | ʃ |
h | x | x | x | h | h | x | x | ʁ | - |
nieindoeuropejskie (naturalne)[]
Fonem | węg. | arab. | pers. | mand. | jap. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
V | |||||
a | aː ɒ | a | ɒ | a | a |
e | eː ɛ | aj | e | e | e |
i | i | i | i | i | i |
o | o | aw | o | o | o |
u | u | u | u | u | ɯ͡β̞ |
N | |||||
m | m | m | m | m | m |
n | n | n | n | n | n |
T | |||||
p | p | f | p | pʰ | p |
b | b | b | b | p | b |
t | t | t̪ | t | tʰ | t |
d | d | d̪ | d | t | d |
c | c͜ç | tʃ | t͜ʃ | t͜ʃ̺ʰ | t͜ɕ |
j | ɟ͜ʝ | d͜ʒ | d͜ʒ | t͜ʃ̺ | ʑ d͜ʑ |
k | k | k | k | kʰ | k |
g | g | ɣ | g | k | g |
S | |||||
v | v | w | v | w | ɰ͡β̞ |
s | s | z | z | s | s |
l | l | l | l | l | ɺ |
x | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ̺ | ɕ |
h | h | h | h | x | h |
konlangi[]
Fonem | kiwu | esp. | ęm. | ker. | ni. | nol. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V | ||||||
a | a | a | ʌ | ɑ | a | a,ɐ |
e | e | e | e | e | e | ɛ,e |
i | i | i | i | i | i | i |
o | o | o | o | o̞ | o | ɔ,o |
u | u | u | u | ɯ | u | u |
N | ||||||
m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
n | n | n | n | n | n | n̠ |
T | ||||||
p | p | p | p | p | p | p |
b | b | b | p | b p | b | b |
t | t | t | t | t | t̪ | t |
d | d | d | d | d | d̪ | d |
c | t͜ʃ | t͜ʃ | t͜ɕɕ | tʃ | t̠ | t͜ʃ |
j | d͜ʒ | d͜ʒ | ʑ | dʒ | d̠ | d͜ʒ |
k | k | k | k | k | k | k |
g | g | g | g | g k | g | g,ɣ |
S | ||||||
v | v f | v | v | v | v | w |
s | z s | z | s | sː | s̪ | s |
l | l | l | ɾ | l | l̪ | l |
x | ʃ | ʃ | ɕ | ʃ | ʃ̺ | ʃ |
h | h | h | h | xː | x | h |
Słownictwo[]
wolne |
poimki (jedna mora, CV) |
rdzenie (jedna sylaba, CVC), max dwa użycia sylaby |
rdzenie (dwie sylaby, CVCV), max cztery użycia sylaby |
rdzenie (różne użycie, CVC i CVCV), max trzy użycia sylaby |
zajęte (rdzenie) |
a (jeden) | e | i (inesyw) | o | u (posesyw) | |
m- | ma | me | mi | mo | mu (wiele) |
n- | na (agens) | ne | ni | no | nu |
b- | ba (ja) | be | bi | bo | bu |
d- | da | de | di | do | du (dwa) |
j- | ja | je | ji | jo | ju |
g- | ga | ge | gi | go gos (pisać) |
gu |
p- | pa | pe | pi | po | pu lapu (ćwiczyć) |
t- | ta | te | ti | to (rzecz) | tu |
c- | ca | ce | ci (trzy) | co | cu |
k- | ka | ke (pytanie) | ki kivu (kiwu) kilu (język) |
ko | ku |
v- | va | ve | vi | vo | vu kivu (kiwu) |
s- | sa | se | si | so | su |
x- | xa | xe | xi | xo | xu |
h- | ha | he | hi | ho (przeczenie) | hu |
l- | la lapu (ćwiczyć) |
le (robić) | li | lo | lu kivu (język) |